The rotator cuff is comprised of four muscles that are assigned the task of helping to stabilize the shoulder, as well as move the arm during rotation and elevation. The four muscles that make up the rotator cuff are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and the subscapularis.

How the Muscles Work

The supraspinatus is found inserted into the tuberosity of the humerus and serves the purpose of elevating the shoulder joint. The infraspinatus is used during the rotation of the shoulder joint while the teres minor assists in this motion. The subscapularus is inserted into the lesser tuberosity of the humerus and assists with the elevating motion of the arm.

Injury

Injuries can often occur to the rotator cuff, requiring surgery. The rotator cuff may then need physical therapy in order to recover full range of motion. Many times, baseball pitchers will suffer rotator cuff injuries because of the stress placed on their throwing arm. These injuries are usually prompted by excessive shoulder use over extended periods of time and strike younger people less frequently than the elderly.

Treatment

Most rotator cuff injuries do not require surgery. They can be treated with exercises designed to strengthen the rotator cuff muscles, anti-inflammatory medicines, and cortisone injections. When surgery is required, there are various methods that allow doctors to clean out the damaged area and in some instances a small camera is inserted to give the surgeon a better view of the area being treated.

Therapy

Physical therapists will help patients with rotator cuff injuries by walking them through stretching exercises designed to expedite the healing process, alleviate pain, and improve range of motion. Proprioceptive strengthening can help patients develop a sense of stability within their shoulder. Ultrasound devices can be used to transmit high frequency waves that penetrate deep into muscles to improve blood flow in the affected area which helps to increase healing. Cold and hot compresses can be used to stimulate blood flow and curb the effects of swelling. These therapeutic measures can be combined or used separately in order to help patients recover from their rotator cuff injury.

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